Explanation
A. True. The passage states that instructed eye-closure does not require specialist training, which would be less than the substantial training needed for the cognitive interview.
B. True. The passage mentions studies indicating that eye-closure can benefit recall for both visual and auditory materials, including events witnessed on video.
C. True. It is mentioned that the benefits of eye-closure are achieved with no increase in errors, implying it does not lead to more erroneous memory reports.
D. (Correct Response) False. The passage does not mention a "false confidence" effect as a result of the eye-closure technique. This seems to be the exception among the provided statements.
E. True. The text states that instructing witnesses to close their eyes during recall attempts is common to both hypnosis and the cognitive interview.
The passage does not discuss any "false confidence" effect related to the eye-closure technique, making option D the correct answer as it is the statement that is not true according to the passage.